Art & Culture MCQs
Q 1.Recently, which country discovered a 5,000-year-old cemetery belonging to a Copper Age society?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Italy]
Notes: Italian archaeologists recently uncovered a 5,000-year-old cemetery from the Copper Age, shedding light on this transitional period between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The Copper Age, spanning 5,000 to 2,000 years ago, witnessed the emergence of metallurgy, particularly copper usage. Chalcolithic farmers engaged in agriculture, long-distance trade, and built distinctive polychrome painted pottery. The period marked the onset of societal complexities, with houses showcasing various architectural patterns. The discovery offers insights into early social structures and technological advancements before the advent of the Bronze Age.
Notes: Italian archaeologists recently uncovered a 5,000-year-old cemetery from the Copper Age, shedding light on this transitional period between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The Copper Age, spanning 5,000 to 2,000 years ago, witnessed the emergence of metallurgy, particularly copper usage. Chalcolithic farmers engaged in agriculture, long-distance trade, and built distinctive polychrome painted pottery. The period marked the onset of societal complexities, with houses showcasing various architectural patterns. The discovery offers insights into early social structures and technological advancements before the advent of the Bronze Age.
Q 2.Majuli manuscript painting, recently seen in the news, is associated with which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Assam]
Notes: Majuli manuscript painting, a traditional art form dating back to the 16th century in Assam, recently received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. The paintings are created on sanchi pat, manuscripts made from the bark of the sanchi or agar tree, using homemade ink. Srimanta Sankardev’s illustrated rendering of the Adya Dasama from the Bhagwat Purana is considered the earliest example. Originally patronized by Ahom kings, this art form persists in every sattra in Majuli.
Notes: Majuli manuscript painting, a traditional art form dating back to the 16th century in Assam, recently received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. The paintings are created on sanchi pat, manuscripts made from the bark of the sanchi or agar tree, using homemade ink. Srimanta Sankardev’s illustrated rendering of the Adya Dasama from the Bhagwat Purana is considered the earliest example. Originally patronized by Ahom kings, this art form persists in every sattra in Majuli.
Q 3.Bhojshala Temple, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Madhya Pradesh]
Notes: The Madhya Pradesh HC has instructed the ASI to survey the Bhojshala Temple-Kamal Maula Mosque complex to determine its true nature. Hindus have been conducting puja on Tuesdays and Muslims offering namaz on Fridays since April 2003. Situated in Madhya Pradesh’s Dhar district, Bhojshala holds historical and religious importance. Protected under the AMASR Archaeological Survey of India under the Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, (AMASR Act). At, it was originally a temple built by Parmar King Bhoja in the 11th Century AD, now a Monument of National Importance.
Notes: The Madhya Pradesh HC has instructed the ASI to survey the Bhojshala Temple-Kamal Maula Mosque complex to determine its true nature. Hindus have been conducting puja on Tuesdays and Muslims offering namaz on Fridays since April 2003. Situated in Madhya Pradesh’s Dhar district, Bhojshala holds historical and religious importance. Protected under the AMASR Archaeological Survey of India under the Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, (AMASR Act). At, it was originally a temple built by Parmar King Bhoja in the 11th Century AD, now a Monument of National Importance.
Q 4.Chamayavilakku festival, recently seen in news, is associated with which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Kerala]
Notes: Chamayavilakku, or the Kottankulangara Festival, celebrates goddess Bhagavathy in Kerala. Men don women’s attire, carrying lamps in processions. They hold Chamayavilakku, symbolizing devotion, circling the temple. Boys under 10 dress as girls for Kakkavilakku daytime rituals.
Notes: Chamayavilakku, or the Kottankulangara Festival, celebrates goddess Bhagavathy in Kerala. Men don women’s attire, carrying lamps in processions. They hold Chamayavilakku, symbolizing devotion, circling the temple. Boys under 10 dress as girls for Kakkavilakku daytime rituals.
Q 5.Pathimalai Cave, recently seen in news due to ancient rock paintings, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: The Pathimalai cave hosts ancient rock art, approximately 3,000 years old, depicting an elephant, a chariot (sometimes interpreted as a peacock), and early dwellers’ lives. Located near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, the site lacks protection, endangering the paintings. This artwork, drawn in white pigments, is significant in the Kongu region. Unlike other rock art sites, Pathimalai is easily accessible, situated at the base of a rocky hillock amidst farmland, drawing visitors’ attention.
Notes: The Pathimalai cave hosts ancient rock art, approximately 3,000 years old, depicting an elephant, a chariot (sometimes interpreted as a peacock), and early dwellers’ lives. Located near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, the site lacks protection, endangering the paintings. This artwork, drawn in white pigments, is significant in the Kongu region. Unlike other rock art sites, Pathimalai is easily accessible, situated at the base of a rocky hillock amidst farmland, drawing visitors’ attention.
Q 6.Phanigiri Buddhist site, recently seen in news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Telangana]
Notes: The Department of Archaeology and Museums discovered a coin hoard at Phanigiri site in Suryapet district, Telangana, from the Ikshvaku period. Phanigiri, meaning “hillock of snake hood,” is a Buddhist site approximately 110 km from Hyderabad. Excavations revealed a Mahastupa, Chaitya Grihas, viharas, and a life-size Stucco of Bodhisattva. Brahmi label inscriptions from Satavahana and Ikshvaku times (~2nd – 3rd Century A.D.) were also found, along with a thorana’s panel indicating co-existence of Mahayana and Hinayana sects.
Notes: The Department of Archaeology and Museums discovered a coin hoard at Phanigiri site in Suryapet district, Telangana, from the Ikshvaku period. Phanigiri, meaning “hillock of snake hood,” is a Buddhist site approximately 110 km from Hyderabad. Excavations revealed a Mahastupa, Chaitya Grihas, viharas, and a life-size Stucco of Bodhisattva. Brahmi label inscriptions from Satavahana and Ikshvaku times (~2nd – 3rd Century A.D.) were also found, along with a thorana’s panel indicating co-existence of Mahayana and Hinayana sects.
Q 7.Recently, a team of archaeologists discovered a unique Iron Age megalithic site in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Telangana]
Notes: Archaeologists uncovered a unique Iron Age megalithic site at Ooragutta near Bandala village in SS Tadvai mandal, Mulugu district, Telangana. The Iron Age, spanning from 1200 B.C. to 600 B.C., marked a pivotal shift in human history with the advent of iron tools. This period witnessed significant advancements in agriculture, notably with the introduction of iron plows, enhancing farming efficiency. Ironwork originated in Turkey before spreading across Europe, revolutionizing metalworking practices.
Notes: Archaeologists uncovered a unique Iron Age megalithic site at Ooragutta near Bandala village in SS Tadvai mandal, Mulugu district, Telangana. The Iron Age, spanning from 1200 B.C. to 600 B.C., marked a pivotal shift in human history with the advent of iron tools. This period witnessed significant advancements in agriculture, notably with the introduction of iron plows, enhancing farming efficiency. Ironwork originated in Turkey before spreading across Europe, revolutionizing metalworking practices.
Q 8.Which state recently celebrated the ‘Chithirai Car Festival’?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: Thousands of devotees flock to the Masi streets for the grand Chithirai Car Festival at Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple. Celebrated during the Tamil months of Chithirai or Panguni, the festival honors the divine union of Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Sundareswarar. It symbolizes unity between Saivaites and Vaishnavites, glorifying both Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu. The festival spans various rituals, beginning with temple flag hoisting and culminating in celebrations at Alagar Hills, rooted in tradition dating back 700 years.
Notes: Thousands of devotees flock to the Masi streets for the grand Chithirai Car Festival at Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple. Celebrated during the Tamil months of Chithirai or Panguni, the festival honors the divine union of Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Sundareswarar. It symbolizes unity between Saivaites and Vaishnavites, glorifying both Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu. The festival spans various rituals, beginning with temple flag hoisting and culminating in celebrations at Alagar Hills, rooted in tradition dating back 700 years.
Q 9.Indian Historical Records Commission (IHRC), which was seen in the news, is functioning under which ministry?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Ministry of Culture]
Notes: In April 2024, the Indian Historical Records Commission (IHRC) unveiled its new logo and motto, “Yatra Itihasam Bhavishyaam Prasakshantah”. Chosen from 436 entries in an online competition, Shaurya Pratap Singh’s submission won. Established in 1919, IHRC is a pivotal advisory body on archival matters in India, overseeing record management and historical research. It operates under the Union Minister of Culture, serving as a nationwide platform for record creators, custodians, and users.
Notes: In April 2024, the Indian Historical Records Commission (IHRC) unveiled its new logo and motto, “Yatra Itihasam Bhavishyaam Prasakshantah”. Chosen from 436 entries in an online competition, Shaurya Pratap Singh’s submission won. Established in 1919, IHRC is a pivotal advisory body on archival matters in India, overseeing record management and historical research. It operates under the Union Minister of Culture, serving as a nationwide platform for record creators, custodians, and users.
Q 10.Alagar Temple, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: The conclusion of the Chithirai festival was signified by the return procession of Lord Kallazhagar from the Vaigai river. Alagar Temple, situated at the foothills of Alagar hills in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, is one of Lord Vishnu’s 108 abodes, revered as Kallazhagar. It boasts six corridors within fort walls and is referenced in Tamil epic Silappadikaram and Alvars’ hymns. The temple’s mandapam pillars showcase Nayaka art style.
Notes: The conclusion of the Chithirai festival was signified by the return procession of Lord Kallazhagar from the Vaigai river. Alagar Temple, situated at the foothills of Alagar hills in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, is one of Lord Vishnu’s 108 abodes, revered as Kallazhagar. It boasts six corridors within fort walls and is referenced in Tamil epic Silappadikaram and Alvars’ hymns. The temple’s mandapam pillars showcase Nayaka art style.
Q 11.What is a ‘Sarcophagus’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [A decorated coffin or container]
Notes: A recently discovered sarcophagus fragment beneath a religious center’s floor is identified as belonging to Ramesses II, a prominent ancient Egyptian pharaoh. Sarcophagi, highly decorated coffins, date back to ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. Typically made of stone, they vary in design and are adorned with carvings and inscriptions. Sarcophagi offer valuable insights into ancient societies’ art, culture, and beliefs, making them significant artifacts for archaeologists and historians.
Notes: A recently discovered sarcophagus fragment beneath a religious center’s floor is identified as belonging to Ramesses II, a prominent ancient Egyptian pharaoh. Sarcophagi, highly decorated coffins, date back to ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. Typically made of stone, they vary in design and are adorned with carvings and inscriptions. Sarcophagi offer valuable insights into ancient societies’ art, culture, and beliefs, making them significant artifacts for archaeologists and historians.
Q 12.Jaitkhamb pilgrimage centre, recently seen in news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Chhattisgarh ]
Notes: The Satnami community in Chhattisgarh violently protested the desecration of a Jaitkhamb, a sacred symbol. The tallest Jaitkhamb is near Giraud village in Baloda Bazar of Chhattisgarh, at Guru Ghasidas’ birthplace. The Satnamis, founded in 1657 by Birbhan in Haryana, trace their roots to Bhakti poet Kabir and Saint Ravidas. The community’s spiritual lineage follows Guru Ghasidas, an 18th-century saint.
Notes: The Satnami community in Chhattisgarh violently protested the desecration of a Jaitkhamb, a sacred symbol. The tallest Jaitkhamb is near Giraud village in Baloda Bazar of Chhattisgarh, at Guru Ghasidas’ birthplace. The Satnamis, founded in 1657 by Birbhan in Haryana, trace their roots to Bhakti poet Kabir and Saint Ravidas. The community’s spiritual lineage follows Guru Ghasidas, an 18th-century saint.
Q 13.Kheer Bhawani Temple, recently seen in news, is located in which state/UT?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Jammu and Kashmir]
Notes: Thousands of Kashmiri Pandits gathered at the Kheer Bhawani temple in Tulmulla, Ganderbal, for the annual Zeisht Ashtami festival. Built by Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1912 and renovated by Maharaja Hari Singh, the temple is dedicated to Goddess Ragnya Devi, an incarnation of Durga. It sits above a sacred spring that changes colors. The Kheer Bhawani Mela is also celebrated at shrines in Kupwara, Anantnag, and Kulgam.
Notes: Thousands of Kashmiri Pandits gathered at the Kheer Bhawani temple in Tulmulla, Ganderbal, for the annual Zeisht Ashtami festival. Built by Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1912 and renovated by Maharaja Hari Singh, the temple is dedicated to Goddess Ragnya Devi, an incarnation of Durga. It sits above a sacred spring that changes colors. The Kheer Bhawani Mela is also celebrated at shrines in Kupwara, Anantnag, and Kulgam.
Q 14.Which state/UT recently organized the ‘Hemis festival 2024’?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Ladakh]
Notes: The Hemis Festival, celebrating Tibetan Buddhism, occurs annually in Ladakh, India. In 2024, it celebrated on June 16th and 17th. Known as Hemis Tsechu, it commemorates Guru Padmasambhava’s birth anniversary. The two-day event fills Hemis Monastery, Ladakh’s largest Buddhist monastery, with vibrant colors, music, and spiritual energy, making it a significant cultural celebration.
Notes: The Hemis Festival, celebrating Tibetan Buddhism, occurs annually in Ladakh, India. In 2024, it celebrated on June 16th and 17th. Known as Hemis Tsechu, it commemorates Guru Padmasambhava’s birth anniversary. The two-day event fills Hemis Monastery, Ladakh’s largest Buddhist monastery, with vibrant colors, music, and spiritual energy, making it a significant cultural celebration.
Q 15.Keshava temple, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Karnataka]
Notes: Karnataka’s Tourism Department is set to elevate the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Somanathapur, especially the Keshava Temple, as a key attraction in Mysuru’s tourism circuit before Dasara this year. Located in Somanathapura town along the River Kaveri, the temple, completed in 1268 AD under Hoysala King Narasimha III, features a unique star-shaped platform with three sanctums. Recognized alongside Halebidu and Belur temples, it holds cultural significance as part of the Hoysala heritage.
Notes: Karnataka’s Tourism Department is set to elevate the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Somanathapur, especially the Keshava Temple, as a key attraction in Mysuru’s tourism circuit before Dasara this year. Located in Somanathapura town along the River Kaveri, the temple, completed in 1268 AD under Hoysala King Narasimha III, features a unique star-shaped platform with three sanctums. Recognized alongside Halebidu and Belur temples, it holds cultural significance as part of the Hoysala heritage.
Q 16.Kalamkari Art Form, recently seen in news, is mainly practised in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: Kalamkari art, a once-flourishing hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile tradition, now struggles due to power looms and rising raw material costs. Practiced in Andhra Pradesh, Kalamkari originated in the Tilang region (now Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) during the 16-17th century under the Qutb Shahis of Golconda. The term “Kalamkari” combines “Kalam” (pen) and “Kari” (craftsmanship). It features two distinct styles: Srikalahasti and Pedana.
Notes: Kalamkari art, a once-flourishing hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile tradition, now struggles due to power looms and rising raw material costs. Practiced in Andhra Pradesh, Kalamkari originated in the Tilang region (now Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) during the 16-17th century under the Qutb Shahis of Golconda. The term “Kalamkari” combines “Kalam” (pen) and “Kari” (craftsmanship). It features two distinct styles: Srikalahasti and Pedana.
Q 17.Baishiya Karst Cave, recently seen in news, is located in which region?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Tibetan Plateau]
Notes: Bone remains from the Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Plateau, 3,280 meters above sea level, reveal that Denisovans, an extinct human species, survived there for millennia. The study, published in Nature, found a rib bone dated between 48,000 and 32,000 years ago. This discovery highlights Denisovans’ resilience to climatic fluctuations and suggests their interbreeding with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. The remains also indicate their diverse diet, including blue sheep and woolly rhinos.
Notes: Bone remains from the Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Plateau, 3,280 meters above sea level, reveal that Denisovans, an extinct human species, survived there for millennia. The study, published in Nature, found a rib bone dated between 48,000 and 32,000 years ago. This discovery highlights Denisovans’ resilience to climatic fluctuations and suggests their interbreeding with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. The remains also indicate their diverse diet, including blue sheep and woolly rhinos.
Q 18.Kharchi Puja, recently seen in the news, is celebrated in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Tripura]
Notes: The Prime Minister of India recently extended wishes for Kharchi Puja, a key festival in Tripura celebrated in July-August on the eighth day of the new moon. The festival, meaning “cleansing of sins,” involves the worship of fourteen deities by the Royal priest, Chantai. Held at the Chaturdasha Devata temple in old Agartala, the seven-day festival includes bathing the deities’ heads in the Saidra river and returning them to the temple.
Notes: The Prime Minister of India recently extended wishes for Kharchi Puja, a key festival in Tripura celebrated in July-August on the eighth day of the new moon. The festival, meaning “cleansing of sins,” involves the worship of fourteen deities by the Royal priest, Chantai. Held at the Chaturdasha Devata temple in old Agartala, the seven-day festival includes bathing the deities’ heads in the Saidra river and returning them to the temple.
Q 19.Vishalgad Fort, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Maharashtra]
Notes: The anti-encroachment drive at Vishalgad Fort turned violent as miscreants attacked local shopkeepers and pelted stones at police. Vishalgad Fort, located in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, is an ancient fort built in 1058 by Shilahara king Marsinh. It was later captured by various dynasties, including the Yadavas, Khiljis, Vijayanagar, and Adil Shahi. In 1659, Shivaji seized it and renamed it Vishalgad, meaning “grand fort.”
Notes: The anti-encroachment drive at Vishalgad Fort turned violent as miscreants attacked local shopkeepers and pelted stones at police. Vishalgad Fort, located in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, is an ancient fort built in 1058 by Shilahara king Marsinh. It was later captured by various dynasties, including the Yadavas, Khiljis, Vijayanagar, and Adil Shahi. In 1659, Shivaji seized it and renamed it Vishalgad, meaning “grand fort.”
Q 20.Bhojshala complex, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Madhya Pradesh]
Notes: The Bhojshala complex in Madhya Pradesh, built in 1034 AD by Raja Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty, is constructed from remains of an earlier temple. Historically significant, it served as a university for subjects like music, astronomy, and philosophy. The site faced attacks in 1305 and 1514 AD, with attempts to convert it into a dargah. Engravings include Prakrit hymns and Sanskrit inscriptions. It was declared a national monument in 1951 and is protected by the ASI.
Notes: The Bhojshala complex in Madhya Pradesh, built in 1034 AD by Raja Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty, is constructed from remains of an earlier temple. Historically significant, it served as a university for subjects like music, astronomy, and philosophy. The site faced attacks in 1305 and 1514 AD, with attempts to convert it into a dargah. Engravings include Prakrit hymns and Sanskrit inscriptions. It was declared a national monument in 1951 and is protected by the ASI.
Q 21.Ambubachi Mela, recently seen in news, is an annual festival of which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Assam]
Notes: Devotees nationwide are gathering at Assam’s Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati for the annual Ambubachi Mela. The Kamakhya Temple, one of India’s 51 Shaktipeeths, is located atop Nilachal Hills and is dedicated to Goddess Kamakhya, a form of Goddess Parvati. The Ambubachi Mela celebrates the goddess’s annual menstruation. The temple’s architecture uniquely combines the traditional Nagara and Mughal styles, known as the Nilachala Style.
Notes: Devotees nationwide are gathering at Assam’s Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati for the annual Ambubachi Mela. The Kamakhya Temple, one of India’s 51 Shaktipeeths, is located atop Nilachal Hills and is dedicated to Goddess Kamakhya, a form of Goddess Parvati. The Ambubachi Mela celebrates the goddess’s annual menstruation. The temple’s architecture uniquely combines the traditional Nagara and Mughal styles, known as the Nilachala Style.
Q 22.‘Nouka Baich’, recently seen in news, is the traditional boat race of which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [West Bengal]
Notes: With the south-west monsoon setting in, Nouka Baich boat races will soon begin in rural West Bengal. These traditional races occur from September to November, with increasing female participation. Linked to the worship of the Hindu deity Manasa, goddess of snakes, these races use various traditional boats, including the 90 ft long Sorengi. The races celebrate agrarian culture and the swollen rivers of the monsoon season.
Notes: With the south-west monsoon setting in, Nouka Baich boat races will soon begin in rural West Bengal. These traditional races occur from September to November, with increasing female participation. Linked to the worship of the Hindu deity Manasa, goddess of snakes, these races use various traditional boats, including the 90 ft long Sorengi. The races celebrate agrarian culture and the swollen rivers of the monsoon season.
Q 23.Kalamkari Art Form, recently seen in news, is mainly practised in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: Kalamkari art, a once-flourishing hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile tradition, now struggles due to power looms and rising raw material costs. Practiced in Andhra Pradesh, Kalamkari originated in the Tilang region (now Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) during the 16-17th century under the Qutb Shahis of Golconda. The term “Kalamkari” combines “Kalam” (pen) and “Kari” (craftsmanship). It features two distinct styles: Srikalahasti and Pedana.
Notes: Kalamkari art, a once-flourishing hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile tradition, now struggles due to power looms and rising raw material costs. Practiced in Andhra Pradesh, Kalamkari originated in the Tilang region (now Andhra Pradesh and Telangana) during the 16-17th century under the Qutb Shahis of Golconda. The term “Kalamkari” combines “Kalam” (pen) and “Kari” (craftsmanship). It features two distinct styles: Srikalahasti and Pedana.
Q 24.Chandravalli cave, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Karnataka]
Notes: Exploring the Chandravalli cave complex in Karnataka, also known as Ankali Math, reveals a historical site with multiple chambers including a puja area with a shivlinga. Excavations uncovered artifacts from the Hoysala, Satavahana, and Vijayanagara dynasties, and a rock inscription from the Kadamba dynasty. The site shows connections to Rome and China through discovered coins and features paintings done in organic paint.
Notes: Exploring the Chandravalli cave complex in Karnataka, also known as Ankali Math, reveals a historical site with multiple chambers including a puja area with a shivlinga. Excavations uncovered artifacts from the Hoysala, Satavahana, and Vijayanagara dynasties, and a rock inscription from the Kadamba dynasty. The site shows connections to Rome and China through discovered coins and features paintings done in organic paint.
Q 25.Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, recently seen in news, are located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Odisha]
Notes: President Droupadi Murmu visited Odisha for four days, exploring the Khandagiri and Udayagiri caves in Bhubaneswar. These caves, built around the 2nd century BC by King Kharavela of the Meghavahana dynasty, are early examples of rock-cut cave tradition in Odisha. Udayagiri is notable for the Hathigumpha inscription in Brahmi script, detailing Kharavela’s military campaigns. Murmu also engaged with students from Bibhuti Kanungo College of Art & Crafts and Utkal University of Culture.
Notes: President Droupadi Murmu visited Odisha for four days, exploring the Khandagiri and Udayagiri caves in Bhubaneswar. These caves, built around the 2nd century BC by King Kharavela of the Meghavahana dynasty, are early examples of rock-cut cave tradition in Odisha. Udayagiri is notable for the Hathigumpha inscription in Brahmi script, detailing Kharavela’s military campaigns. Murmu also engaged with students from Bibhuti Kanungo College of Art & Crafts and Utkal University of Culture.
Q 26.Recently, where was the country’s first sunken museum inaugurated?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Humayun Tomb]
Notes: On July 29, 2024, Delhi unveiled India’s first sunken museum at the UNESCO World Heritage site, Humayun’s Tomb. This innovative museum will offer a unique view of Mughal history and architecture by integrating advanced technology with historical displays. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has spearheaded the project in collaboration with various stakeholders, aiming to enhance the preservation and presentation of India’s rich historical legacy.
Notes: On July 29, 2024, Delhi unveiled India’s first sunken museum at the UNESCO World Heritage site, Humayun’s Tomb. This innovative museum will offer a unique view of Mughal history and architecture by integrating advanced technology with historical displays. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has spearheaded the project in collaboration with various stakeholders, aiming to enhance the preservation and presentation of India’s rich historical legacy.
Q 27.What is ‘Vattezhuthu’, recently seen in the news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Syllabic alphabet]
Notes: Archaeologists recently found Vattezhuthu and eight Tamil inscriptions at the Thalikiswarar temple in Tirupur district, Tamil Nadu, dating back 1100 years. Vattezhuthu, a syllabic script used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Sri Lanka, was used to write Tamil and Malayalam. It emerged around the 4th century AD from the Tamil-Brahmi script and evolved into the modern Malayalam script by the 15th century.
Notes: Archaeologists recently found Vattezhuthu and eight Tamil inscriptions at the Thalikiswarar temple in Tirupur district, Tamil Nadu, dating back 1100 years. Vattezhuthu, a syllabic script used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Sri Lanka, was used to write Tamil and Malayalam. It emerged around the 4th century AD from the Tamil-Brahmi script and evolved into the modern Malayalam script by the 15th century.
Q 28.What are ‘Geoglyphs and petroglyphs’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Ancient art forms]
Notes: The Maharashtra government has declared the geoglyphs and petroglyphs in Ratnagiri as protected monuments under the Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1960. This move addresses concerns about preserving these important cultural artifacts. Geoglyphs and petroglyphs are ancient art from the Mesolithic era, featuring animal figures and footprints that offer insights into prehistoric life and creativity. Over 1,500 artworks are found at around 70 sites in Ratnagiri, covering 210 square meters, with seven sites on UNESCO’s tentative World Heritage list.
Notes: The Maharashtra government has declared the geoglyphs and petroglyphs in Ratnagiri as protected monuments under the Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1960. This move addresses concerns about preserving these important cultural artifacts. Geoglyphs and petroglyphs are ancient art from the Mesolithic era, featuring animal figures and footprints that offer insights into prehistoric life and creativity. Over 1,500 artworks are found at around 70 sites in Ratnagiri, covering 210 square meters, with seven sites on UNESCO’s tentative World Heritage list.
Q 29.Dasara festival, which was seen in the news, is celebrated in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Karnataka]
Notes: Mysuru Dasara is a grand 10-day festival in Mysuru, Karnataka, celebrated during Navratri and culminating on Vijayadashami. It features vibrant processions, illuminated palaces, and cultural activities, attracting thousands of visitors. The festival began in 1610 with Raja Wadiyar I, symbolizing the victory of Goddess Chamundeshwari over a demon. The Wadiyars of Mysore have enriched the festival’s traditions over centuries, with the Mysore Palace as a central attraction. As a prelude, the Dasara Gajapayan event involves a ceremonial procession of elephants from Nagarhole Tiger Reserve, leading to the Jamboo Savari procession.
Notes: Mysuru Dasara is a grand 10-day festival in Mysuru, Karnataka, celebrated during Navratri and culminating on Vijayadashami. It features vibrant processions, illuminated palaces, and cultural activities, attracting thousands of visitors. The festival began in 1610 with Raja Wadiyar I, symbolizing the victory of Goddess Chamundeshwari over a demon. The Wadiyars of Mysore have enriched the festival’s traditions over centuries, with the Mysore Palace as a central attraction. As a prelude, the Dasara Gajapayan event involves a ceremonial procession of elephants from Nagarhole Tiger Reserve, leading to the Jamboo Savari procession.
Q 30.What is ‘Kalamezhuthu’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Traditional Art form]
Notes: A Kalamezhuthu workshop was recently organized by the Malayalam Department in Kochi, Kerala. Kalamezhuthu, also known as Dhulee Chithram or Kalam Pattu, is a traditional floor painting art form in Kerala. It is performed during rituals to worship gods like Kaali, Ayyappan, and Vettakkorumakan. The drawings are erased at the end of rituals with musical accompaniment. Natural colors from plants are used for the drawings. Artists usually come from communities like the Kurups, Theyyampadi Nambiars, and Theeyadi Unnis.
Notes: A Kalamezhuthu workshop was recently organized by the Malayalam Department in Kochi, Kerala. Kalamezhuthu, also known as Dhulee Chithram or Kalam Pattu, is a traditional floor painting art form in Kerala. It is performed during rituals to worship gods like Kaali, Ayyappan, and Vettakkorumakan. The drawings are erased at the end of rituals with musical accompaniment. Natural colors from plants are used for the drawings. Artists usually come from communities like the Kurups, Theyyampadi Nambiars, and Theeyadi Unnis.
Q 31.Nagarni Spardha, which was seen in the news, is an old traditional oxen race held in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Maharashtra]
Notes: Nangarni Spardha took place in Dervan village, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. This traditional oxen race, held annually during the rainy season, is a centuries-old event organized by village committees. The soft, muddy ground helps prevent serious injuries as drivers compete barefoot and without protective gear. Oxen, no longer used for ploughing, are specifically kept for this race, with their horns painted and bodies dusted with colored powder. The race occurs on a horseshoe-shaped track where drivers control the oxen by holding the reins and twisting their tails. Dropping the reins results in disqualification.
Notes: Nangarni Spardha took place in Dervan village, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. This traditional oxen race, held annually during the rainy season, is a centuries-old event organized by village committees. The soft, muddy ground helps prevent serious injuries as drivers compete barefoot and without protective gear. Oxen, no longer used for ploughing, are specifically kept for this race, with their horns painted and bodies dusted with colored powder. The race occurs on a horseshoe-shaped track where drivers control the oxen by holding the reins and twisting their tails. Dropping the reins results in disqualification.
Q 32.Jagar Lok Sanskriti Utsav, recently seen in the news, is a festival celebrating the folk culture of which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Uttarakhand]
Notes: The government recently celebrated Uttarakhand’s rich folk culture at the Jagar Lok Sanskriti Utsav. A book titled Uttarakhand ka Lok Putra Pritam Bharatwan by Sachidanand Semwal was released, honoring Pritam Bharatwan as the brand ambassador of the state’s folk culture. Jagar Lok Sanskriti Utsav highlights Uttarakhand’s folk traditions. Jagar, a Hindu form of Shamanism practiced in Uttarakhand, involves rituals where gods and deities are awakened for favors or remedies. Pritam Bharatwan is recognized for promoting Uttarakhand’s traditional culture and folk arts.
Notes: The government recently celebrated Uttarakhand’s rich folk culture at the Jagar Lok Sanskriti Utsav. A book titled Uttarakhand ka Lok Putra Pritam Bharatwan by Sachidanand Semwal was released, honoring Pritam Bharatwan as the brand ambassador of the state’s folk culture. Jagar Lok Sanskriti Utsav highlights Uttarakhand’s folk traditions. Jagar, a Hindu form of Shamanism practiced in Uttarakhand, involves rituals where gods and deities are awakened for favors or remedies. Pritam Bharatwan is recognized for promoting Uttarakhand’s traditional culture and folk arts.
Q 33.Sindhudurg fort, recently seen in the news, is associated with which historical personality?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Chhatrapati Shivaji]
Notes: A 35-foot statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Malvan, built less than a year ago, recently collapsed. In contrast, the Sindhudurg Fort, built by Shivaji Maharaj 357 years ago, remains intact. Sindhudurg Fort is located on Kurte Island in the Arabian Sea, near Malvan, Maharashtra. The fort, completed in 1667, was designed to protect against foreign colonizers and the Siddis of Janjira. It symbolizes the strength of the Maratha Navy and the advanced construction techniques of its time.
Notes: A 35-foot statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Malvan, built less than a year ago, recently collapsed. In contrast, the Sindhudurg Fort, built by Shivaji Maharaj 357 years ago, remains intact. Sindhudurg Fort is located on Kurte Island in the Arabian Sea, near Malvan, Maharashtra. The fort, completed in 1667, was designed to protect against foreign colonizers and the Siddis of Janjira. It symbolizes the strength of the Maratha Navy and the advanced construction techniques of its time.
Q 34.Kumaranallur Devi temple, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Kerala]
Notes: The Kumaranallur Devi temple in Kottayam, Kerala, is undergoing a restoration project. The temple dates back to the 10th century during King Cheraman Perumal’s reign and features a rare ‘Sree Chakra’ style in its architecture. Its murals, spread across 14 sections, depict scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, starting with an image of Karthyayani Devi.Renowned mural artist Gopi Chavayur is restoring the murals, which had faded over time. The first restoration in 1997 recreated 12 panels using traditional colours like red, yellow, green, white, and black, with emphasis on lines. Unique elements include Goddess Parvathy depicted in modern attire.
Notes: The Kumaranallur Devi temple in Kottayam, Kerala, is undergoing a restoration project. The temple dates back to the 10th century during King Cheraman Perumal’s reign and features a rare ‘Sree Chakra’ style in its architecture. Its murals, spread across 14 sections, depict scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, starting with an image of Karthyayani Devi.Renowned mural artist Gopi Chavayur is restoring the murals, which had faded over time. The first restoration in 1997 recreated 12 panels using traditional colours like red, yellow, green, white, and black, with emphasis on lines. Unique elements include Goddess Parvathy depicted in modern attire.
Q 35.‘Naga King Chilli’ or ‘Raja Mircha’ festival, recently seen in the news, is celebrated in which northeastern state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Nagaland]
Notes: Seiyhama village in Nagaland celebrated the Naga king chili festival, showcasing community farming. Naga King Chili, also known as Bhoot Jolokia or Ghost Pepper, is one of the world’s hottest chillies. It was certified by Guinness World Records in 2006, with heat exceeding 1 million Scoville Heat Units. It received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2008. The chili is primarily cultivated in Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, and to a lesser extent in Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya. Peak harvest months are August-September, and it is grown in large bamboo groves.
Notes: Seiyhama village in Nagaland celebrated the Naga king chili festival, showcasing community farming. Naga King Chili, also known as Bhoot Jolokia or Ghost Pepper, is one of the world’s hottest chillies. It was certified by Guinness World Records in 2006, with heat exceeding 1 million Scoville Heat Units. It received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2008. The chili is primarily cultivated in Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, and to a lesser extent in Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya. Peak harvest months are August-September, and it is grown in large bamboo groves.
Q 36.Gingee Fort, recently nominated for UNESCO World Heritage site, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: The Gingee Fort, situated in Tamil Nadu’s Villupuram district, has been nominated for UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. The fort is part of the Maratha Military Landscapes nomination for UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2024-25. The nomination includes 12 components, with 11 sites in Maharashtra and Gingee Fort as the only site from Tamil Nadu. Known as the ‘Troy of the East’, Gingee Fort located atop three hillocks- Rajagiri, Krishnagiri and Chandragiri. It was built by Ananta Kon of the Konar Dynasty in 1,200 CE. It has seen rule by the Vijayanagar Nayaks, Marathas, Mughals, Nawabs, French, and British.
Notes: The Gingee Fort, situated in Tamil Nadu’s Villupuram district, has been nominated for UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. The fort is part of the Maratha Military Landscapes nomination for UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2024-25. The nomination includes 12 components, with 11 sites in Maharashtra and Gingee Fort as the only site from Tamil Nadu. Known as the ‘Troy of the East’, Gingee Fort located atop three hillocks- Rajagiri, Krishnagiri and Chandragiri. It was built by Ananta Kon of the Konar Dynasty in 1,200 CE. It has seen rule by the Vijayanagar Nayaks, Marathas, Mughals, Nawabs, French, and British.
Q 37.Recently, where was the “10th annual World Free Zones Organisation (World FZO) Congress” organized?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Dubai]
Notes: The 10th World Free Zones Organisation Congress organized in Dubai, from September 23-25, 2024. It gathers experts and stakeholders from the free zones, logistics, and multilateral sectors. The theme is “Zones and the Shifting Global Economic Structures – Unlocking New Investment Avenues.” The congress focuses on trends, technologies, and innovations in the free zones sector. Over 35 speakers participated in sessions and workshops. Indian companies and free zones are actively involved, with Srikanth Badiga representing India. It offers Indian businesses opportunities to explore new investments and global economic impacts on free trade zones.
Notes: The 10th World Free Zones Organisation Congress organized in Dubai, from September 23-25, 2024. It gathers experts and stakeholders from the free zones, logistics, and multilateral sectors. The theme is “Zones and the Shifting Global Economic Structures – Unlocking New Investment Avenues.” The congress focuses on trends, technologies, and innovations in the free zones sector. Over 35 speakers participated in sessions and workshops. Indian companies and free zones are actively involved, with Srikanth Badiga representing India. It offers Indian businesses opportunities to explore new investments and global economic impacts on free trade zones.
Q 38.Borra Caves, recently seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: Borra Caves, located in the Eastern Ghats in Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh, are among the deepest and largest caves in India. They were discovered by William King George of the Geological Survey of India. Formed millions of years ago by the Gosthani River, the caves are made of karstic limestone and extend to a depth of 80 meters. A naturally formed Shivling inside the caves is worshipped by local tribal communities. Stone tools from the Paleolithic age (30,000-50,000 years ago) were found, indicating early human habitation. The caves will get a facelift under Swadesh Darshan 2.0.
Notes: Borra Caves, located in the Eastern Ghats in Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh, are among the deepest and largest caves in India. They were discovered by William King George of the Geological Survey of India. Formed millions of years ago by the Gosthani River, the caves are made of karstic limestone and extend to a depth of 80 meters. A naturally formed Shivling inside the caves is worshipped by local tribal communities. Stone tools from the Paleolithic age (30,000-50,000 years ago) were found, indicating early human habitation. The caves will get a facelift under Swadesh Darshan 2.0.
Q 39.Jeshoreshwari Temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Bangladesh]
Notes: A silver crown, gifted by Prime Minister Modi in March 2021 to the Jeshoreshwari Temple in Bangladesh, was stolen during Durga Puja. The Jeshoreshwari Temple is significant as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas located across India and neighboring countries. Despite being damaged in the 1971 conflict, its sacred pillars remain significant. The Goddess’ palm, in Abhaya mudra, is believed to hold immense spiritual power, attracting devotees seeking blessings.
Notes: A silver crown, gifted by Prime Minister Modi in March 2021 to the Jeshoreshwari Temple in Bangladesh, was stolen during Durga Puja. The Jeshoreshwari Temple is significant as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas located across India and neighboring countries. Despite being damaged in the 1971 conflict, its sacred pillars remain significant. The Goddess’ palm, in Abhaya mudra, is believed to hold immense spiritual power, attracting devotees seeking blessings.
Q 40.Bathukamma festival is mainly celebrated in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Telangana]
Notes: Bathukamma is a festival celebrated in the state of Telangana and some parts of Andhra Pradesh. It is a floral festival that celebrates the beginning of the Sarad or Sharath Ruthu season. It is celebrated for nine days during Durga Navratri, usually in September or October. Bathukamma is a symbol of Telangana’s cultural identity and is celebrated with vibrant flowers, songs, and communal harmony.
Notes: Bathukamma is a festival celebrated in the state of Telangana and some parts of Andhra Pradesh. It is a floral festival that celebrates the beginning of the Sarad or Sharath Ruthu season. It is celebrated for nine days during Durga Navratri, usually in September or October. Bathukamma is a symbol of Telangana’s cultural identity and is celebrated with vibrant flowers, songs, and communal harmony.
Q 41.Nine-day festival Brahmotsavam is celebrated at which temple annually?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Tirumala Tirupati Sri Venkateswara Temple]
Notes: Sri Venkateswara temple in Tirupati is preparing for Brahmotsavam, a nine-day festival. It is celebrated at the Tirumala Tirupati Sri Venkateshwara Temple by the Swami Pushkarini lake. The festival was initiated by Lord Brahma to thank Lord Venkateshwara for protecting mankind. In lunar months with an extra month, two Brahmotsavams are held: Salakatla and Navarathri. In 2024, only one Brahmotsavam (Salakatla) held due to the absence of Adhika Maasa. The Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam ritual, a traditional cleansing, occurs on Tuesdays before Brahmotsavam and other major festivals.
Notes: Sri Venkateswara temple in Tirupati is preparing for Brahmotsavam, a nine-day festival. It is celebrated at the Tirumala Tirupati Sri Venkateshwara Temple by the Swami Pushkarini lake. The festival was initiated by Lord Brahma to thank Lord Venkateshwara for protecting mankind. In lunar months with an extra month, two Brahmotsavams are held: Salakatla and Navarathri. In 2024, only one Brahmotsavam (Salakatla) held due to the absence of Adhika Maasa. The Koil Alwar Tirumanjanam ritual, a traditional cleansing, occurs on Tuesdays before Brahmotsavam and other major festivals.
Q 42.Kalleshwar Temple is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Karnataka]
Notes: A 13th-century stone inscription, or Veeragallu, was recently discovered during the renovation of the Kalleshwar temple.The Kalleshwar Temple is located in Bagali, Davangere district, Karnataka, and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is one of the oldest temples in the area, built during the Rashtrakuta Dynasty in the mid-10th century and the Western Chalukya Empire around 987 AD. The temple features a single shrine with an adjoining hall and has a sanctum, an antechamber, and a gathering hall. Its Shikara showcases early Cholan architecture, and it houses a large Shivalinga believed to be over a thousand years old. The Archaeological Survey of India protects the temple as a monument of national importance.
Notes: A 13th-century stone inscription, or Veeragallu, was recently discovered during the renovation of the Kalleshwar temple.The Kalleshwar Temple is located in Bagali, Davangere district, Karnataka, and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is one of the oldest temples in the area, built during the Rashtrakuta Dynasty in the mid-10th century and the Western Chalukya Empire around 987 AD. The temple features a single shrine with an adjoining hall and has a sanctum, an antechamber, and a gathering hall. Its Shikara showcases early Cholan architecture, and it houses a large Shivalinga believed to be over a thousand years old. The Archaeological Survey of India protects the temple as a monument of national importance.
Q 43.Sri Singeeswarar Temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: Copper plate inscriptions from the 16th century were found at Sri Singeeswarar temple in Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and located in Mappedu Village. It was originally built by Aditya Karikalan II in 976 AD, father of Chola emperor Rajaraja Cholan. Krishnadevaraya’s viceroy, Dalavai Ariyanadha Mudaliar, added the Rajagopuram, compound wall, and 16-pillar Mandap in 1501. The temple features Dravidian architecture with a 5-tier Rajagopuram. The main deity, Singeeswarar, is worshipped in the form of a large Shiva Lingam.
Notes: Copper plate inscriptions from the 16th century were found at Sri Singeeswarar temple in Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and located in Mappedu Village. It was originally built by Aditya Karikalan II in 976 AD, father of Chola emperor Rajaraja Cholan. Krishnadevaraya’s viceroy, Dalavai Ariyanadha Mudaliar, added the Rajagopuram, compound wall, and 16-pillar Mandap in 1501. The temple features Dravidian architecture with a 5-tier Rajagopuram. The main deity, Singeeswarar, is worshipped in the form of a large Shiva Lingam.
Q 44.Konark Sun Temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Odisha]
Notes: The Prime Minister’s ‘Mann Ki Baat’ recently mentioned Odissi dance and the Konark Sun Temple. Located on the Odisha coastline in Puri district, it is also known as Surya Devalaya, dedicated to the Hindu god Surya. It was built by Narasimha I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in 1250. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. The temple showcases Odisha architecture, resembling a solar chariot with 24 stone wheels and six horses. Oriented eastward, it captures sunrise rays at the entrance. Its wheels serve as sundials, and it features intricate carvings of animals and mythology.
Notes: The Prime Minister’s ‘Mann Ki Baat’ recently mentioned Odissi dance and the Konark Sun Temple. Located on the Odisha coastline in Puri district, it is also known as Surya Devalaya, dedicated to the Hindu god Surya. It was built by Narasimha I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in 1250. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. The temple showcases Odisha architecture, resembling a solar chariot with 24 stone wheels and six horses. Oriented eastward, it captures sunrise rays at the entrance. Its wheels serve as sundials, and it features intricate carvings of animals and mythology.
Q 45.Simhachalam Temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) epigraphists recently found a Telugu inscription above a Lord Hanuman statue at the 13th-century Simhachalam temple. Simhachalam Temple, also called Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, is in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Dedicated to Vishnu’s Narasimha avatar, it was initially built in the 11th century by Odisha’s Gajapati rulers. The temple was renovated by Vengi Chalukyas and later by Narasimha I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in the 13th century. Its architecture blends Kalinga and Dravidian styles, with a stone chariot, intricate carvings, and sculptures of Vishnu’s avatars and royal figures.
Notes: Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) epigraphists recently found a Telugu inscription above a Lord Hanuman statue at the 13th-century Simhachalam temple. Simhachalam Temple, also called Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, is in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Dedicated to Vishnu’s Narasimha avatar, it was initially built in the 11th century by Odisha’s Gajapati rulers. The temple was renovated by Vengi Chalukyas and later by Narasimha I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty in the 13th century. Its architecture blends Kalinga and Dravidian styles, with a stone chariot, intricate carvings, and sculptures of Vishnu’s avatars and royal figures.
Q 46.Which ministry recently organized the ‘Kaveri Meets Ganga’ program under Amrit Parampara initiative?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Ministry of Culture]
Notes: The Ministry of Culture’s Amrit Parampara series celebrates India’s shared art and culture legacy. The series began with “Kaveri Meets Ganga,” inaugurated on 2nd November and held till 5th November 2024. The event, inspired by Chennai’s Margazhi Festival, featured traditional and folk arts, representing India’s cultural diversity. The event was held at Kartavya Path and CCRT Dwarka. It showcased South Indian music and dance for North Indian audiences. Organized by Sangeet Natak Akademi, Kalakshetra, and CCRT, the festival aligns with the Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat initiative, promoting unity through cultural exchange.
Notes: The Ministry of Culture’s Amrit Parampara series celebrates India’s shared art and culture legacy. The series began with “Kaveri Meets Ganga,” inaugurated on 2nd November and held till 5th November 2024. The event, inspired by Chennai’s Margazhi Festival, featured traditional and folk arts, representing India’s cultural diversity. The event was held at Kartavya Path and CCRT Dwarka. It showcased South Indian music and dance for North Indian audiences. Organized by Sangeet Natak Akademi, Kalakshetra, and CCRT, the festival aligns with the Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat initiative, promoting unity through cultural exchange.
Q 47.The replica of the Indian Constitution manuscript was showcased at which international event in 2024?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Sharjah International Book Fair]
Notes: The National Book Trust (NBT) of India displayed a prestigious replica of the original handwritten Indian Constitution manuscript at the 43rd Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF), which took place from November 6 to 17, 2024. This event highlighted India’s literary contributions with participation from over 2,500 publishers worldwide. The fair also featured various workshops and international speakers, promoting cultural exchange and literary diversity.
Notes: The National Book Trust (NBT) of India displayed a prestigious replica of the original handwritten Indian Constitution manuscript at the 43rd Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF), which took place from November 6 to 17, 2024. This event highlighted India’s literary contributions with participation from over 2,500 publishers worldwide. The fair also featured various workshops and international speakers, promoting cultural exchange and literary diversity.
Q 48.Where was the 66th All India Kalidas Festival organized?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Madhya Pradesh]
Notes: Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar was the chief guest at the 66th Akhil Bharatiya Kalidas Ceremony in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The Akhil Bhartiya Kalidas Samaroh is a seven-day annual festival in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. It celebrates Sanskrit literary giants like Kalidas, Vatsyayana, and Bhartrihari. The festival also honors renowned Hindi writers, including Shivmangal Singh Suman, Prabhakar Machve, Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, and Pandit Surya Narayan. This event serves as a tribute to India’s rich literary heritage and brings together scholars and enthusiasts of classical literature.
Notes: Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar was the chief guest at the 66th Akhil Bharatiya Kalidas Ceremony in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The Akhil Bhartiya Kalidas Samaroh is a seven-day annual festival in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. It celebrates Sanskrit literary giants like Kalidas, Vatsyayana, and Bhartrihari. The festival also honors renowned Hindi writers, including Shivmangal Singh Suman, Prabhakar Machve, Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, and Pandit Surya Narayan. This event serves as a tribute to India’s rich literary heritage and brings together scholars and enthusiasts of classical literature.
Q 49.Where was the first Bodoland Mahotsav inaugurated recently?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [New Delhi]
Notes: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 1st Bodoland Mahotsav in New Delhi, a two-day event celebrating Bodo culture, language, and heritage. The Mahotsav promotes peace and unity under the theme “Peace and Harmony for Prosperous Bharat.” It aims to strengthen ties among Bodo communities across Assam, West Bengal, Nepal, and border areas of the Northeast. The event highlights Bodoland’s cultural, linguistic, and ecological diversity and tourism potential.
Notes: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 1st Bodoland Mahotsav in New Delhi, a two-day event celebrating Bodo culture, language, and heritage. The Mahotsav promotes peace and unity under the theme “Peace and Harmony for Prosperous Bharat.” It aims to strengthen ties among Bodo communities across Assam, West Bengal, Nepal, and border areas of the Northeast. The event highlights Bodoland’s cultural, linguistic, and ecological diversity and tourism potential.
Q 50.Recently, the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand inaugurated the Jauljibi trade fair in which district?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Pithoragarh]
Notes: Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami inaugurated the Jauljibi Mela 2024 in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand. Jauljibi is at the confluence of the Gori and Kali rivers and lies on the traditional Kailash Mansarovar route, adding religious and historical significance. The fair symbolizes cultural and economic unity between India and Nepal, drawing merchants from Tibet, Nepal, and India.
Notes: Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami inaugurated the Jauljibi Mela 2024 in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand. Jauljibi is at the confluence of the Gori and Kali rivers and lies on the traditional Kailash Mansarovar route, adding religious and historical significance. The fair symbolizes cultural and economic unity between India and Nepal, drawing merchants from Tibet, Nepal, and India.
Q 51.Guruvayur Temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Kerala]
Notes: The Supreme Court will review a plea against the Kerala High Court order allowing the Guruvayur temple administration to stop the “udayasthamana pooja” on Ekadasi due to crowd management concerns. Guruvayur Sree Krishna Swamy Temple, located in Kerala, is dedicated to Lord Krishna and is one of the largest temples in India by daily devotees. It may be over 5000 years old, with its earliest records from the 17th century. The temple is known for its traditional Kerala architecture, ancient murals, and unique rituals like Thulabharam. It also houses the Punnathur Kotta elephant sanctuary with 56 elephants.
Notes: The Supreme Court will review a plea against the Kerala High Court order allowing the Guruvayur temple administration to stop the “udayasthamana pooja” on Ekadasi due to crowd management concerns. Guruvayur Sree Krishna Swamy Temple, located in Kerala, is dedicated to Lord Krishna and is one of the largest temples in India by daily devotees. It may be over 5000 years old, with its earliest records from the 17th century. The temple is known for its traditional Kerala architecture, ancient murals, and unique rituals like Thulabharam. It also houses the Punnathur Kotta elephant sanctuary with 56 elephants.
Q 52.‘Under the Sal Tree’ theatre festival is celebrated in which state annually?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Assam]
Notes: The “Under the Sal Tree” Theatre Festival, held annually in Assam’s Goalpara district, celebrates its silver jubilee from December 15 to 17. The festival takes place in open space amid sal plantations, embracing simplicity and harmony with nature. The stage is made of mud, and chairs and walls are crafted from thin bamboo strips. Artists perform without artificial sound systems, relying on natural voice projection to focus on narratives. It began in 2008, organized by Badunduppa Kalakendra, founded by the late Sukracharjya Rabha in 1998. The festival highlights indigenous art forms, languages, and traditions, including Rabha and Bodo plays.
Notes: The “Under the Sal Tree” Theatre Festival, held annually in Assam’s Goalpara district, celebrates its silver jubilee from December 15 to 17. The festival takes place in open space amid sal plantations, embracing simplicity and harmony with nature. The stage is made of mud, and chairs and walls are crafted from thin bamboo strips. Artists perform without artificial sound systems, relying on natural voice projection to focus on narratives. It began in 2008, organized by Badunduppa Kalakendra, founded by the late Sukracharjya Rabha in 1998. The festival highlights indigenous art forms, languages, and traditions, including Rabha and Bodo plays.
Q 53.The Gadhimai Festival is predominantly observed in which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Nepal]
Notes: The Gadhimai Mahotsav, held every five years at the Gadhimai Temple in Bariyarpur, Nepal, is known for the world’s largest animal sacrifice. More than two crore people attended the festival this year, despite decades of criticism from animal activists. The festival features the largest animal sacrifice, with devotees sacrificing buffaloes, goats, cocks, and ducks during Saptami, Ashtami, and Navami. Devotees also release doves in the temple when their wishes are believed to be fulfilled. The festival takes place at the Gadhimai Temple in Bara district, near the Indo-Nepal border.
Notes: The Gadhimai Mahotsav, held every five years at the Gadhimai Temple in Bariyarpur, Nepal, is known for the world’s largest animal sacrifice. More than two crore people attended the festival this year, despite decades of criticism from animal activists. The festival features the largest animal sacrifice, with devotees sacrificing buffaloes, goats, cocks, and ducks during Saptami, Ashtami, and Navami. Devotees also release doves in the temple when their wishes are believed to be fulfilled. The festival takes place at the Gadhimai Temple in Bara district, near the Indo-Nepal border.
Q 54.Thrissur Pooram Festival is celebrated in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Kerala]
Notes: The Kerala High Court issued safety directives for elephants and artists at the Thrissur Pooram festival. Thrissur Pooram is a grand annual temple festival celebrated in the Malayalam month of Medam (April-May) at Thekkinkadu Maidanam, Thrissur, Kerala. Known as the “mother of all Poorams,” it is one of Kerala’s largest and most significant cultural and spiritual events. The festival was initiated by Raja Rama Varma, also called Sakthan Thampuran, the Maharaja of Cochin from 1790 to 1805.
Notes: The Kerala High Court issued safety directives for elephants and artists at the Thrissur Pooram festival. Thrissur Pooram is a grand annual temple festival celebrated in the Malayalam month of Medam (April-May) at Thekkinkadu Maidanam, Thrissur, Kerala. Known as the “mother of all Poorams,” it is one of Kerala’s largest and most significant cultural and spiritual events. The festival was initiated by Raja Rama Varma, also called Sakthan Thampuran, the Maharaja of Cochin from 1790 to 1805.
Q 55.Tanot Mata Temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Rajasthan]
Notes: The Tanot Mata Temple, situated in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, is not only a religious site but also a cultural symbol. Rajasthan’s Chief Minister Bhajanlal Sharma announced plans to modernize the temple, aiming to enhance its appeal as a world-class tourist destination. The initiative includes improving facilities for pilgrims and creating economic opportunities for the local community. The temple is expected to attract tourists while instilling a sense of pride and patriotism among visitors.
Notes: The Tanot Mata Temple, situated in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, is not only a religious site but also a cultural symbol. Rajasthan’s Chief Minister Bhajanlal Sharma announced plans to modernize the temple, aiming to enhance its appeal as a world-class tourist destination. The initiative includes improving facilities for pilgrims and creating economic opportunities for the local community. The temple is expected to attract tourists while instilling a sense of pride and patriotism among visitors.
Q 56.Hanukkah festival is associated with which religion?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Judaism]
Notes: Hanukkah, Judaism’s “festival of lights,” is celebrated for eight nights by lighting an additional candle each evening on the menorah. The term “Hanukkah” means “dedication” in Hebrew and commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the 2nd century BC after liberation from foreign forces. The holiday is observed during the Hebrew month of Kislev, aligning with November-December in the Gregorian calendar. In 2024, Hanukkah is celebrated from December 25, 2024, to January 2, 2025. It marks only the fifth time since 1900 that Hanukkah begins on Christmas Day.
Notes: Hanukkah, Judaism’s “festival of lights,” is celebrated for eight nights by lighting an additional candle each evening on the menorah. The term “Hanukkah” means “dedication” in Hebrew and commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the 2nd century BC after liberation from foreign forces. The holiday is observed during the Hebrew month of Kislev, aligning with November-December in the Gregorian calendar. In 2024, Hanukkah is celebrated from December 25, 2024, to January 2, 2025. It marks only the fifth time since 1900 that Hanukkah begins on Christmas Day.
Q 57.Archaeologists recently discovered a 5,000-year-old water management system at which Harappan site?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Rakhigarhi]
Notes: Ongoing excavation at Rakhigarhi, an ancient Harappan site in Haryana’s Hisar district, has revealed advanced water management systems and cultural practices from nearly 5,000 years ago. Rakhigarhi, the largest known Harappan-era site, spans 865 acres and is globally recognized for its historical significance. The excavation uncovered a water storage area between mounds, approximately 3.5 to 4 feet deep, showcasing advanced water management. A dried riverbed of the Chautang (Drishavati) River was also discovered, adding to the site’s historical importance.
Notes: Ongoing excavation at Rakhigarhi, an ancient Harappan site in Haryana’s Hisar district, has revealed advanced water management systems and cultural practices from nearly 5,000 years ago. Rakhigarhi, the largest known Harappan-era site, spans 865 acres and is globally recognized for its historical significance. The excavation uncovered a water storage area between mounds, approximately 3.5 to 4 feet deep, showcasing advanced water management. A dried riverbed of the Chautang (Drishavati) River was also discovered, adding to the site’s historical importance.
Q 58.Which state government has declared Ratha Saptami as a state festival?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: The Andhra Pradesh government has declared Ratha Saptami as a state festival to be celebrated at the Sri Suryanarayana Swamy temple in Arasavalli, Srikakulam district. The decision was made after the Endowments Commissioner proposed that the festival be recognized as a state event. The festival will be celebrated for three days. The decision was made to recognize the festival’s cultural and spiritual significance. The festival is also known as the Festival of the Sun and marks the Sun’s symbolic movement towards the northern hemisphere.
Notes: The Andhra Pradesh government has declared Ratha Saptami as a state festival to be celebrated at the Sri Suryanarayana Swamy temple in Arasavalli, Srikakulam district. The decision was made after the Endowments Commissioner proposed that the festival be recognized as a state event. The festival will be celebrated for three days. The decision was made to recognize the festival’s cultural and spiritual significance. The festival is also known as the Festival of the Sun and marks the Sun’s symbolic movement towards the northern hemisphere.
Q 59.Yadgir Fort, which was seen in news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Karnataka]
Notes: Karnataka government announced a ₹100 crore plan to develop Yadgir Fort under the “One District, One Spot” initiative to boost tourism. ₹33 crore comes from the MLA grant, and ₹67 crore from the state government. Yadgir Fort is located in Yadgir district, one of the largest forts in Karnataka. The fort is built on a monolith, measuring 850m in length, 500m in width, and 100m in height. It has inscriptions from various dynasties like Kalyana Chalukyas, Yadavas, Bahmani Sultans, and others.
Notes: Karnataka government announced a ₹100 crore plan to develop Yadgir Fort under the “One District, One Spot” initiative to boost tourism. ₹33 crore comes from the MLA grant, and ₹67 crore from the state government. Yadgir Fort is located in Yadgir district, one of the largest forts in Karnataka. The fort is built on a monolith, measuring 850m in length, 500m in width, and 100m in height. It has inscriptions from various dynasties like Kalyana Chalukyas, Yadavas, Bahmani Sultans, and others.
Q 60.Makaravilakku festival is celebrated in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Kerala]
Notes: Preparations for the Makaravilakku festival at Sabarimala Lord Ayyappa temple are nearing completion for January 15. ‘Makaravilakku’ is an annual festival held on Makar Sankranti at the Sabarimala shrine in Kerala. The festival begins with the Thiruvabharanam procession and ends with the Guruthi ritual. The Guruthi ritual is performed to please the deities of the forest.
Notes: Preparations for the Makaravilakku festival at Sabarimala Lord Ayyappa temple are nearing completion for January 15. ‘Makaravilakku’ is an annual festival held on Makar Sankranti at the Sabarimala shrine in Kerala. The festival begins with the Thiruvabharanam procession and ends with the Guruthi ritual. The Guruthi ritual is performed to please the deities of the forest.
Q 61.Kalamkari Painting is mainly practised in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: A bamboo weave box with Kalamkari paintings by Nimmalakunta artisans will be showcased at Rashtrapati Bhavan. Kalamkari is a popular hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile art form from Andhra Pradesh. The art originated during the reign of Qutb Shahis in the 16-17th century in the Tilang region, now part of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. “Kalam” means pen and “Kari” means craftsmanship, highlighting the skillful artistry involved.
Notes: A bamboo weave box with Kalamkari paintings by Nimmalakunta artisans will be showcased at Rashtrapati Bhavan. Kalamkari is a popular hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile art form from Andhra Pradesh. The art originated during the reign of Qutb Shahis in the 16-17th century in the Tilang region, now part of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. “Kalam” means pen and “Kari” means craftsmanship, highlighting the skillful artistry involved.
Q 62.Gangasagar Mela is a religious festival held in which state annually?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [West Bengal]
Notes: The Gangasagar Mela organizers introduced initiatives like certificates for pilgrims, e-Anushandhan for facilities access, and e-Parichay QR code identity bands. The Gangasagar Mela is an annual Hindu festival held on Sagar Island, West Bengal, at the confluence of the Ganges and the Bay of Bengal. It includes rituals like the sacred bath and Deepdan and is celebrated during Makar Sankranti, marking the Sun’s transition into Capricorn. It is the second-largest religious gathering in India after the Kumbh Mela. The mela has ancient roots, with mentions in the Mahabharata’s Vana Parva (1500–2000 BC).
Notes: The Gangasagar Mela organizers introduced initiatives like certificates for pilgrims, e-Anushandhan for facilities access, and e-Parichay QR code identity bands. The Gangasagar Mela is an annual Hindu festival held on Sagar Island, West Bengal, at the confluence of the Ganges and the Bay of Bengal. It includes rituals like the sacred bath and Deepdan and is celebrated during Makar Sankranti, marking the Sun’s transition into Capricorn. It is the second-largest religious gathering in India after the Kumbh Mela. The mela has ancient roots, with mentions in the Mahabharata’s Vana Parva (1500–2000 BC).
Q 63.The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) recently found ancient Buddhist artefacts at which place in Odisha?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Ratnagiri Monastery]
Notes: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) discovered ancient Buddhist artifacts, including a Buddha head and inscribed relics, at Odisha’s Ratnagiri. Ratnagiri has been associated with Buddhism since Emperor Ashoka’s invasion of Kalinga. It was a significant center for Mahayana and Tantrayana (Vajrayana) Buddhist learning, rivaling Nalanda. Ratnagiri, along with Lalitagiri and Udayagiri, forms the Diamond Triangle of Buddhist centers in Odisha.
Notes: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) discovered ancient Buddhist artifacts, including a Buddha head and inscribed relics, at Odisha’s Ratnagiri. Ratnagiri has been associated with Buddhism since Emperor Ashoka’s invasion of Kalinga. It was a significant center for Mahayana and Tantrayana (Vajrayana) Buddhist learning, rivaling Nalanda. Ratnagiri, along with Lalitagiri and Udayagiri, forms the Diamond Triangle of Buddhist centers in Odisha.
Q 64.Pangsau Pass International Festival is celebrated every year in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Arunachal Pradesh]
Notes: Arunachal Pradesh CM Pema Khandu inaugurated the three-day Pangsau Pass International Festival (PPIF). The event celebrates heritage through folk songs, sports, and historic site expeditions. It offers a platform for local artisans, traders, and entrepreneurs to showcase their talent. The festival aims to foster economic growth and self-reliance. The festival is held annually in Nampong, Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh.
Notes: Arunachal Pradesh CM Pema Khandu inaugurated the three-day Pangsau Pass International Festival (PPIF). The event celebrates heritage through folk songs, sports, and historic site expeditions. It offers a platform for local artisans, traders, and entrepreneurs to showcase their talent. The festival aims to foster economic growth and self-reliance. The festival is held annually in Nampong, Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh.
Q 65.The Ministry of Culture has inaugurated the ‘Bhagwat’ exhibition in which city of Uttar Pradesh?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Prayagraj]
Notes: Union Minister for Culture and Tourism inaugurated the ‘Bhagwat’ exhibition at the Prayagraj Museum, showcasing miniature paintings. The exhibition blends art, culture, Lord Ram and Krishna, and Kumbh traditions. The exhibition highlights India’s unity, serving as proof against historical divisions. The Minister emphasized the Kumbh as a symbol of India’s unity, bringing together people of various faiths and cultures.
Notes: Union Minister for Culture and Tourism inaugurated the ‘Bhagwat’ exhibition at the Prayagraj Museum, showcasing miniature paintings. The exhibition blends art, culture, Lord Ram and Krishna, and Kumbh traditions. The exhibition highlights India’s unity, serving as proof against historical divisions. The Minister emphasized the Kumbh as a symbol of India’s unity, bringing together people of various faiths and cultures.
Q 66.Which country has organized the International Pashmina Festival in January 2025?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Nepal]
Notes: Nepal organized its first three-day International Pashmina Festival to highlight Chyangra Pashmina, sourced from Pashmina goats. Nepal is a major producer of authentic Pashmina, known for its high quality. The wool is hand-combed, hand-spun, and woven using traditional methods with natural dyes and embroidery. The exhibition featured 150 stalls, including 40 showcasing pure Nepali Pashmina. Nepali Pashmina competes internationally, with strong markets in the US, Japan, and Europe. Challenges include raw material supply and the need for policy improvements to expand the market. Fake and blended Pashmina pose a challenge globally, especially in India.
Notes: Nepal organized its first three-day International Pashmina Festival to highlight Chyangra Pashmina, sourced from Pashmina goats. Nepal is a major producer of authentic Pashmina, known for its high quality. The wool is hand-combed, hand-spun, and woven using traditional methods with natural dyes and embroidery. The exhibition featured 150 stalls, including 40 showcasing pure Nepali Pashmina. Nepali Pashmina competes internationally, with strong markets in the US, Japan, and Europe. Challenges include raw material supply and the need for policy improvements to expand the market. Fake and blended Pashmina pose a challenge globally, especially in India.
Q 67.Etikoppaka toys, which were showcased at Republic Day 2025, belongs to which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: Andhra Pradesh’s Etikoppaka toys were prominently featured at the Republic Day parade. They are traditional wooden toys made by artisans from Etikoppaka village, Andhra Pradesh, near the Varaha River. Natural dyes from seeds, bark, roots, leaves, and lacquer are used to color these toys. The softwood from ‘ankudu’ trees (Wrightia Tinctoria) is primarily used. The toys are rounded with no sharp edges, ensuring safety. Etikoppaka toys received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2017.
Notes: Andhra Pradesh’s Etikoppaka toys were prominently featured at the Republic Day parade. They are traditional wooden toys made by artisans from Etikoppaka village, Andhra Pradesh, near the Varaha River. Natural dyes from seeds, bark, roots, leaves, and lacquer are used to color these toys. The softwood from ‘ankudu’ trees (Wrightia Tinctoria) is primarily used. The toys are rounded with no sharp edges, ensuring safety. Etikoppaka toys received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2017.
Q 68.The Araku Utsav tiled ‘Chali’ is organized in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Andhra Pradesh]
Notes: Araku Utsav titled “Chali” is organized in the Araku Valley of Andhra Pradesh. The valley is part of the Eastern Ghats and sits between 600 m and 900 m above sea level. It houses the biodiverse Anantagiri and Sunkarimetta Reserved Forests, known for bauxite mining. Often called the “Ooty of Andhra,” it is home to various tribes, mainly the Araku Tribes. Araku Arabica Coffee, famous in the valley, earned a GI Tag in 2019. The valley is surrounded by mountains such as Galikonda, Raktakonda, Sunkarimetta, and Chitamogondi.
Notes: Araku Utsav titled “Chali” is organized in the Araku Valley of Andhra Pradesh. The valley is part of the Eastern Ghats and sits between 600 m and 900 m above sea level. It houses the biodiverse Anantagiri and Sunkarimetta Reserved Forests, known for bauxite mining. Often called the “Ooty of Andhra,” it is home to various tribes, mainly the Araku Tribes. Araku Arabica Coffee, famous in the valley, earned a GI Tag in 2019. The valley is surrounded by mountains such as Galikonda, Raktakonda, Sunkarimetta, and Chitamogondi.
Q 69.Dashavatar is a traditional folk theater form from which Indian states?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Maharashtra and Goa]
Notes: Dashavatar performances recently started in Maharashtra. Dashavatar is a traditional theatre form with an 800-year history. It represents the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu: Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vaman, Parashuram, Ram, Krishna, Buddha, and Kalki. Performers use bright makeup and costumes, accompanied by a paddle harmonium, tabla, and zanj (cymbals). It is popular in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra’s South Konkan region and North Goa district of Goa.
Notes: Dashavatar performances recently started in Maharashtra. Dashavatar is a traditional theatre form with an 800-year history. It represents the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu: Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vaman, Parashuram, Ram, Krishna, Buddha, and Kalki. Performers use bright makeup and costumes, accompanied by a paddle harmonium, tabla, and zanj (cymbals). It is popular in the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra’s South Konkan region and North Goa district of Goa.
Q 70.What is the local name for Kashmir hand-knotted carpet?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Kal baffi]
Notes: The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry Chennai has granted a new logo for the Kashmir hand-knotted carpet to preserve its exclusivity. Kashmir hand-knotted carpets, locally called “Kal baffi”, date back to the 15th century. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin introduced carpet weaving in Kashmir by bringing artisans from Persia and Central Asia. Farsi baff and Persian Sehna knots are traditionally used in Kashmir carpets. Simple tools like wooden or metal combs and short scissors are used in weaving. Other GI-tagged Kashmir crafts include Papier Mache, Pashmina, Kani, Sozni, Khatamband, and Walnut Wood Carving.
Notes: The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry Chennai has granted a new logo for the Kashmir hand-knotted carpet to preserve its exclusivity. Kashmir hand-knotted carpets, locally called “Kal baffi”, date back to the 15th century. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin introduced carpet weaving in Kashmir by bringing artisans from Persia and Central Asia. Farsi baff and Persian Sehna knots are traditionally used in Kashmir carpets. Simple tools like wooden or metal combs and short scissors are used in weaving. Other GI-tagged Kashmir crafts include Papier Mache, Pashmina, Kani, Sozni, Khatamband, and Walnut Wood Carving.
Q 71.Sree Gowreeswara Temple, which was seen in news, is located in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Kerala]
Notes: Sree Gowreeswara Temple, Cherai, has ended a century-old practice of requiring men to remove upper garments before worship. The tradition was a social construct linked to the caste system, not a scriptural rule. It originated to ensure the punool (Brahmin sacred thread) was visible. Cherai Gowreeswara Temple is located in Kerala. Built in 1912, the temple’s idol was installed by Sree Narayana Guru, a social reformer who fought against caste oppression. Some major Kerala temples still enforce this rule, like Sree Padmanabhaswamy, Guruvayur, and Ettumanoor temples.
Notes: Sree Gowreeswara Temple, Cherai, has ended a century-old practice of requiring men to remove upper garments before worship. The tradition was a social construct linked to the caste system, not a scriptural rule. It originated to ensure the punool (Brahmin sacred thread) was visible. Cherai Gowreeswara Temple is located in Kerala. Built in 1912, the temple’s idol was installed by Sree Narayana Guru, a social reformer who fought against caste oppression. Some major Kerala temples still enforce this rule, like Sree Padmanabhaswamy, Guruvayur, and Ettumanoor temples.
Q 72.Which city is the host of 38th Surajkund International Crafts Fair 2025?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Faridabad]
Notes: The 38th Surajkund International Crafts Fair 2025 held from February 7 to 23 in Surajkund, Faridabad, Haryana. It is organized by the Union Ministries of Tourism, Culture, External Affairs, Textiles, and the Haryana government. The fair showcases India’s and other countries’ crafts, textiles, culture, and cuisine. The 37th edition in 2024 saw participation from 45+ countries, 592 foreign artists, and 1.3 million visitors. For 2025, BIMSTEC is proposed as the partner organization, enhancing international collaboration.
Notes: The 38th Surajkund International Crafts Fair 2025 held from February 7 to 23 in Surajkund, Faridabad, Haryana. It is organized by the Union Ministries of Tourism, Culture, External Affairs, Textiles, and the Haryana government. The fair showcases India’s and other countries’ crafts, textiles, culture, and cuisine. The 37th edition in 2024 saw participation from 45+ countries, 592 foreign artists, and 1.3 million visitors. For 2025, BIMSTEC is proposed as the partner organization, enhancing international collaboration.
Q 73.Baneshwar Fair is associated with which tribe?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Bhil]
Notes: Around 12 Bhil families have accused the Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI) of trying to demolish their homes and displace them from ancestral land. Bhils are one of the oldest and most widely distributed tribal groups in India. The name ‘Bhil’ comes from the Dravidian word villu or billu, meaning bow. They belong to the Australoid group and are considered a Dravidian racial tribe of Western India. Bhils are divided into two main groups: central and eastern (Rajput Bhils). Central Bhils mainly live in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. The Baneshwar Fair is one of the most significant festivals for the Bhil community. It takes place during Shivratri.
Notes: Around 12 Bhil families have accused the Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI) of trying to demolish their homes and displace them from ancestral land. Bhils are one of the oldest and most widely distributed tribal groups in India. The name ‘Bhil’ comes from the Dravidian word villu or billu, meaning bow. They belong to the Australoid group and are considered a Dravidian racial tribe of Western India. Bhils are divided into two main groups: central and eastern (Rajput Bhils). Central Bhils mainly live in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. The Baneshwar Fair is one of the most significant festivals for the Bhil community. It takes place during Shivratri.
Q 74.Which state is the host of world’s largest Jhumur dance, also called Jhumoir?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Assam]
Notes: Assam will host the world’s largest Jhumur (Jhumoir) dance performance on February 24. The event aims to set a Guinness World Record with over 7,500 dancers. It is part of an investment summit in the state. The festival highlights Assam’s rich cultural heritage. It also serves as a global platform to attract investors.
Notes: Assam will host the world’s largest Jhumur (Jhumoir) dance performance on February 24. The event aims to set a Guinness World Record with over 7,500 dancers. It is part of an investment summit in the state. The festival highlights Assam’s rich cultural heritage. It also serves as a global platform to attract investors.
Q 75.The Thaipoosam festival is mainly celebrated in which Indian state?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended greetings on Thaipusam. Thaipusam is named after the Tamil month “Thai” and the star “Poosam.” It honors Lord Murugan, the Hindu god of war, victory, and wisdom. The festival marks the day when Goddess Parvati gave Lord Murugan the divine vel (spear) to defeat the demon Surapadma. It is celebrated on the full moon day of the Tamil month Thai. It is widely observed by Tamils in Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, and other countries.
Notes: Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended greetings on Thaipusam. Thaipusam is named after the Tamil month “Thai” and the star “Poosam.” It honors Lord Murugan, the Hindu god of war, victory, and wisdom. The festival marks the day when Goddess Parvati gave Lord Murugan the divine vel (spear) to defeat the demon Surapadma. It is celebrated on the full moon day of the Tamil month Thai. It is widely observed by Tamils in Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, and other countries.
Q 76.The statue of Tamil poet Thiruvalluvar was recently unveiled in which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Philippines]
Notes: The statue of Tamil poet Thiruvalluvar was unveiled in Cebu, Philippines on February 16, 2025. The statue was unveiled to celebrate the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and the Philippines. Thiruvalluvar was a poet and philosopher, revered as a cultural icon by Tamils. He is fondly called Valluvar by the Tamil people. His most famous work is Thirukkural, a collection of couplets on ethics, politics, economy, and love. Thirukkural contains 1,330 couplets (kurals) divided into 133 sections, each with 10 couplets. The text is structured into three parts focusing on dharma (virtue), artha (wealth), and kama (love).
Notes: The statue of Tamil poet Thiruvalluvar was unveiled in Cebu, Philippines on February 16, 2025. The statue was unveiled to celebrate the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and the Philippines. Thiruvalluvar was a poet and philosopher, revered as a cultural icon by Tamils. He is fondly called Valluvar by the Tamil people. His most famous work is Thirukkural, a collection of couplets on ethics, politics, economy, and love. Thirukkural contains 1,330 couplets (kurals) divided into 133 sections, each with 10 couplets. The text is structured into three parts focusing on dharma (virtue), artha (wealth), and kama (love).
Q 77.Where was the India’s first “Open-Air Art Wall Museum” inaugurated?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [New Delhi]
Notes: Union Minister Jitendra Singh inaugurated India’s first ‘Open-Air Art Wall Museum’ at Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi. The museum marks the 150-year journey of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). It is developed in collaboration with ‘Delhi Street Art’. It transforms IMD’s Lodhi Road headquarters into a visual narrative. The artwork showcases India’s meteorological advancements and the role of weather science in society.
Notes: Union Minister Jitendra Singh inaugurated India’s first ‘Open-Air Art Wall Museum’ at Mausam Bhawan, New Delhi. The museum marks the 150-year journey of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). It is developed in collaboration with ‘Delhi Street Art’. It transforms IMD’s Lodhi Road headquarters into a visual narrative. The artwork showcases India’s meteorological advancements and the role of weather science in society.
Q 78.Bathouism is the traditional religion of which ethnic group in Assam?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Bodo]
Notes: Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) government has recognized Bathouism as an official religion option in application forms. The move has been praised by Bodo culture and faith experts. Union Home Minister Amit Shah highlighted the initiative at the 13th Triennial Conference of All Bathou Mahasabha. The government has also declared a state holiday for Bathou Puja, emphasizing its commitment to nature-centric faiths. Bathouism is the traditional religion of the Bodos, Assam’s largest plains tribe, mainly living along the Brahmaputra’s north bank. The religion is deeply ancestral but has seen reform movements.
Notes: Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) government has recognized Bathouism as an official religion option in application forms. The move has been praised by Bodo culture and faith experts. Union Home Minister Amit Shah highlighted the initiative at the 13th Triennial Conference of All Bathou Mahasabha. The government has also declared a state holiday for Bathou Puja, emphasizing its commitment to nature-centric faiths. Bathouism is the traditional religion of the Bodos, Assam’s largest plains tribe, mainly living along the Brahmaputra’s north bank. The religion is deeply ancestral but has seen reform movements.
Q 79.Jhumoir Binandini is a traditional dance performed in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Assam]
Notes: The Prime Minister of India attended Jhumoir Binandini 2025, a grand cultural event featuring 8,000 performers. Jhumoir, also known as Jhumur, is a traditional folk dance of Assam’s Adivasi tea tribes, performed during the harvest season. It is accompanied by instruments like the Madal, Dhol, Taal, and Flute. Dancers perform in a circular formation with rhythmic footwork and swaying movements. Women wear colorful sarees, while men wear dhotis and kurtas. The dance symbolizes unity, inclusivity, and Assam’s rich cultural heritage, fostering social bonding and community celebration.
Notes: The Prime Minister of India attended Jhumoir Binandini 2025, a grand cultural event featuring 8,000 performers. Jhumoir, also known as Jhumur, is a traditional folk dance of Assam’s Adivasi tea tribes, performed during the harvest season. It is accompanied by instruments like the Madal, Dhol, Taal, and Flute. Dancers perform in a circular formation with rhythmic footwork and swaying movements. Women wear colorful sarees, while men wear dhotis and kurtas. The dance symbolizes unity, inclusivity, and Assam’s rich cultural heritage, fostering social bonding and community celebration.
Q 80.The Khajuraho Dance Festival is celebrated in which state?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Madhya Pradesh]
Notes: The 51st Khajuraho Dance Festival in Madhya Pradesh set a Guinness World Record. 139 artists performed a classical dance marathon for 24 hours, 9 minutes, and 26 seconds. The Guinness team certified the record and presented the certificate to Chief Minister Mohan Yadav. The event was organized by the MP Department of Culture.
Notes: The 51st Khajuraho Dance Festival in Madhya Pradesh set a Guinness World Record. 139 artists performed a classical dance marathon for 24 hours, 9 minutes, and 26 seconds. The Guinness team certified the record and presented the certificate to Chief Minister Mohan Yadav. The event was organized by the MP Department of Culture.